ᖃᓄᖅ ᕿᓂᕈᓐᓇᕐᒪᖔᖅᐱᑦ

ᑕᒫᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᖢᓂ ᕿᓂᐅᑎ

ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᕿᐅᓂᑎᖓ ᕿᓂᕈᓐᓇᖅᐳᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖏᑦ ᕿᓂᖅᑕᕐᓂ ᑎᑎᕋᕈᕕᒋᑦ, ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᓯᑲᖅᑐᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑕᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᐱᓂᐊᖅᐳᑦ.

ᕿᓂᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᑦ

ᕿᓂᐅᑎ ᐱᖓᓱᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᑲᖅᐳᖅ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖅᑕᕐᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᓕᕈᕕᑦ ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ. (ᐊᑐᕈᒃ "Scope" ᐱᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎ). ᕿᓂᖅᑕᕐᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓄᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᕐᓄᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᐅᔪᑦ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᒋᔭᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑎᕆᔨ. ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᑎᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᓂᑯᒍᑎᒃ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂ, ᕿᓂᖅᓴᖅᑕᕐᓂ.

ᐅᑯᐊ ᕿᓂᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔩᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᐳᑦ ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇ :

ᕿᓂᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨ	ᓇᓂᔭᕐᓄᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑐᑦ	ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑐᑦ
"ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ"	ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᑎᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑕᕐᓂᐊᖅᐳᑦ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᑎᑦ.	ᐅᓄᙱᓐᓂᖅᓴᓂᒃ ᓇᓕᓯᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐅᒪᖓᑦ "ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᑯᐊ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᑦ".
"ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᑯᐊ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ"	ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐊᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ ᕿᓂᖅᑕᑎᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᓐᓂᐊᖅᐸᑕ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂ, ᓴᖅᑭᑉᐳᖅ ᕿᓂᖅᖢᑎᑦ.	ᐅᖓᓯᓛᒧᑦ ᓂᕈᑐᓛᒧᑦ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᓯᒪᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᕿᓂᖅᑐᖅ.
"ᐅᓇ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ ᕿᓂᕈᒃ"	ᕿᓂᖅᑕᕕᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᕙᒃᑐᖅ.	ᕿᓂᕕᖃᑦᑎᐊᙱᑦᑐᖅ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓂᕈᒋᑦᑐᖅ.

ᐅᑯᐊ ᐊᑐᖅᐳᑦ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ:
ᕿᓂᕈᕕᑦ ᐅᑯᐊ ᐊᑐᓪᓗᒋᑦ :ᑐᓛᓐᑑᒥ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔪᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖏᑦ" ᐊᑐᓂ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᑎᑦ ᕿᓂᖅᓴᐅᑎᒋᕙᖏᑦ.

ᕿᓂᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨ	ᕿᓂᕐᓂᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᖅ	ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᑦ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖃᓪᓕᑦ:
"ᐅᑯᐊ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ"	ᑐᐊᑦᑐᖅ ᓂᕈᑭᑦᑐᖅ	ᕿᓂᖅᑕᕐᓂ ᐅᑯᐊ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑯᓗᖏᑦ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ, "ᑐᓛᓐᑑᑦ", "ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑏᑦ", "ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ"
"ᐅᑯᐊ ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ"	ᐅᖓᓯᓛᑦ	ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᖅ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᕿᓂᕈᑎᑦ ᓇᓕᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ "ᑐᓛᓐᑑᑦ", "ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑏᑦ", "ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᑦ"
"ᐅᓇ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᖅ ᕿᓂᕈᒃ"	ᑐᐊᓚᖅ ᓂᕈᑭᓚᖅ	ᐅᑲᖅᑕᕕᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᕕᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᖏᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᓴᖅᑭᓪᓕᑦ. "ᑐᓛᓐᑐᒥ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔪᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᔪᑦ"

ᐅᖃᐅᓰᐅᑉ ᐱᒋᐊᕐᓂᖓᓂᒃ, ᓄᖅᑲᕕᖓᓂᒃ ᓇᖃᑎᕆᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓯᖅ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓕᒐᒃᐸᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ

ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᓇᖃᑎᒋᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓕᒐᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᐸᑕ ᓇᐃᓪᓕᒋᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᐳᑦ, ᕿᓂᐅᑎ ᐃᓕᑕᖅᓯᕙᒃᑐᖅ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ ("*") ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ("?") . ᕿᓂᖅᑕᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖅᑕᑎᑦ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓚᐃᓐᓇᒋᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᑐᓪᓗᖏᑦ.

ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᓇᖃᑎᒋᓂᖅ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ (ᐃᓕᓐᓂ) ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᕈᕕᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓕᒐᓗᑎᒃ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᕙᒃᐸᑕ ᓇᐃᓪᓕᒋᐊᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ ("ᑎᒥ?" ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᕗᖅ "ᑎᒥᓂᒃ", "ᑎᒥᐅᔪᓂᒃ").

ᐊᑐᕐᓂᖅ:

1. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᓇᑎᒃ ᕿᓂᐅᑏᑦ
   ᐅᓇ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖅᑐᖅ "ᐅᕿᐅᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᓄᖅᑎᖏᔪᓂᒃ", ᓱᐅᓐᓗ, "ᐃᓕᓐᓂ" ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᕗᖅ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᖅᑦᑐᓂᒃ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖕᓂᒃ, ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕈᑎᓂᒃ.
2. ᐊᑕᐅ—ᓂᐅᑏᑦ
   ᐅᓇ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖅᐳᖅ "?" ᕿᓂᐅᑎᒋᓗᒍ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᓪᓗᐊᖏᓐᓂᒃ, ᓱᐅᓪᓗ ("ᑎᒥ?" ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᕗᖅ "ᑎᒥᓂᒃ", "ᑎᒥᐅᔪᓂᒃ").
3. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᓇᑎᒃ ᕿᓂᐅᑏᑦ
   ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᙱᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓂᑯᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ ᕿᓂᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕆᕗᑦ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᑲᓇ* ᒐᕙᒪ*
4. ᕿᓂᐅᑎᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᑉ ᓯᕗᓂᐊᓂ
   ᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᕿᓂᕈᓐᓇᕆᕗᑎᑦ *ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓂᓯᓯᐅᕋᐃᓂᐊᖅᑐᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᓂᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂ, ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ. ᑖᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᖅᖢᒍ ᕿᓂᖅᑕᓂᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᓗᐊᓐᓇᙱᑦᑐᖅ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᓇᑎᒃ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᑦ ᓇᓂᓯᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᓴᐅᕗᑦ.

"ᑐᓴᕈᒥᓇᖅᑐᑦ" ᐊᒻᒪ "ᓄᓇᓕᖁᑎᒋᔭᑦ"

ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖅᑕᐃᑦ "ᑕᑯᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᑦ" ᐊᒻᒪ "ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ" ᕿᓂᕐᓗᑎᑦ. ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᙱᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᒃᑯᑦ ᕿᓂᕈᓐᓇᖅᑕᑎᑦ, ᐊᑐᕐᓗᒍ "ᑕᒫᓐᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᑑᑎ". ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᑐᓂ ᐊᑐᓪᓗᖏᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᑦ.

ᕿᓂᕐᓗᑎᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᕿᓃᐅᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᒪᓐᓇ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᖅᐳᑎᑦ:

1. ᑕᑯᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐅᓄᖅᑐᑦ
   "ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ", "ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᑦ". ᐊᒻᒪᓗ "ᐋᓐᓂᐊᖅᑐᓕᕆᓂᖅ"
   ᓇᓂᓯᓂᐊᖅᐳᑦ ᑕᒫᓐᓂᒃ ᕿᓂᖁᔭᕐᓂᒃ. ᓇᓕᐊᓐᓂᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᕐᓂᒃ, ᕿᓂᐅᑎᖕᓂᒃ.
2. ᓄᓇᙳᐊᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᐅᓄᖅᑐᑦ
   "ᐊᕗᑕ". "ᐲᐄᐊᐃ"
   ᕿᓂᐅᑎᒋᔪᓐᓇᖅᐸᑎᑦ. (ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᓄᓇᓄᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᓐᓂᐊᖅᐳᑦ).
3. ᑕᖁᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᒋᔭᑦ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ
   "ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ", "ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᑦ", ᑐᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᒋᓗᖏᑦ , "ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ", "ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᑦ", ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᓄᓇᓕᐅᔪᓂ.
   ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᑕᒫᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ ᑎᑎᕋᑲᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᕗᖅ,( “ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ”, “ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᑦ”), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ (“ᐋᕗᑕᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐲᐄᐊᐃ⤠ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᕗᑦ.
4. ᑕᖁᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᑦ, ᓄᓇᒋᔭᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᑦ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ
   "ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ",ᑐᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᓂ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᒋᓗᖏᑦ , "ᐋᕗᑕ", ᓄᓇᓕᖕᓂᑦ ᕿᓂᐅᑎᒋᖢᒍ ᐊᒻᒪ "ᐳᓚᕋᖅᑐᑦ", ᑕᒫᓐᓄᑦ ᕿᓂᕈᓐᓇᖅᐳᖅ.
   ᑎᑎᖅᑲᓂᒃ ᑕᒫᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᑯᓂᖓ ᑎᑎᕋᑲᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᕗᖅ, (“ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ”,, “ᐋᕗᑕ”,), ᐊᒻᒪᓗ (“ᐋᕗᑕᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ “ᐳᓚᕋᖅᑐᑦ”) ᓴᖅᑭᑦᑎᕗᑦ.

ᕿᓂᖅᑕᕐᓄᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕈᑏᑦ

= ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᓯᒪᔭᖓᑦᑕ ᐊᓯᐊᓃᑦᑐᖅ
ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦᑕ ᓯᓚᑖᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖅ, ᕿᓂᖅᑕᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑉᐸᑦ, ᓴᖅᑭᑉᐳᖅ. ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᓯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᒋᔭᖅ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᖅ.

= ᓄᓇᑲᖅᑲᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᓯᒪᔭᖓᓐᓂ ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖏᑦ
ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᓯᒪᔭᖏᑦᑕ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖓ, ᕿᓂᖅᑕᑦ ᓴᖅᑭᑉᐸᑦ, ᓴᖅᑭᑉᐳᖅ. ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᖅ, ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑎᔨᖏᓐᓂᑦ.

= ᓄᓇᑲᖅᑲᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᓯᒪᔭᖓᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ
ᑖᓐᓇ ᑕᑯᔭᒃᓴᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᔭᖅᐳᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᑦ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᓯᒪᔭᖓᑦᑕ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᖓ ᕿᓂᖅᑕᕐᓂᒃ ᓇᓂᓯᒍᕕᑦ. ᐱᓕᕆᔾᔪᑎ ᐃᓗᓕᖃᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᓄᓇᙳᐊᓂᒃ, ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᑯᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᑲᖅᑐᑦ ᒪᒃᓵᓄᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑐᓐᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑕᒪᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᓄᖅ ᖁᒻᒧᐊᒃᑎᓯᒪᔪᒧᑦ ᐃᓚᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑭᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᒪᕗᑦ. ᓄᓇᓕᑦ ᐊᓪᓚᑦ, ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᓪᓚᖓᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᑦ.